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Editorial Director -- TVs and streaming Stadium Perimeter Led Display

David has reviewed TVs, streaming services, streaming devices and home entertainment gear at CNET since 2002. He is an ISF certified, NIST trained calibrator and developed CNET's TV test procedure himself. Previously David wrote reviews and features for Sound & Vision magazine and eTown.com. He is known to two people on Twitter as "The Cormac McCarthy of consumer electronics."

Two fundamentally different TV technologies, QLED and OLED, have similar names.

If you're buying a new TV, you'll want to know the differences between each one.

In our side-by-side reviews, OLED beats QLED, but you can save some money with QLED.

Now that the 2022 holiday shopping season is here, you might be thinking of getting a new TV. Now is definitely the best time of year to take advantage of TV deals , but figuring out what TV to buy  is still confusing. The best TVs  advertise an alphanumeric soup of extras like HDR , 120Hz  and HDMI 2.1  and many TVs include all of those features and many more, making it tough to tell the difference.

Unlike the rest of those TV tech terms, QLED and OLED are actually fundamentally different, even though they're only one letter apart. And in our side-by-side comparison reviews , one is better than the other.

For the last few years, Samsung has been branding its TVs "QLED." Its 2022 QLED lineup includes Neo QLED  models in 4K and 8K resolution, The Frame art TV , Serif  and the Sero rotating TV  all bearing the ubiquitous Q. And Samsung isn't the only one. TCL also makes QLED TVs, including the excellent 6-Series , and Amazon even has a Fire TV Omni QLED television of its own.

On the other side of the fence are OLED TVs. In the last few years LG has dominated the OLED market and its 2022 OLED TV lineup  is more extensive than ever, but Sony  and Vizio  also sell OLED TVs in the US. And adding to the confusion, Samsung has an OLED TV  of its own in 2022, meaning it sells both OLED and QLED TVs this year.

So what's the difference between OLED and QLED? We'll start with picture quality. In our side-by-side comparison reviews , OLED beats QLED every time. We compared last year's Editors' Choice OLED TV -- the LG C1 series -- against the best 2022 Samsung 4K QLED TV, the Samsung QN90B series . The Samsung QLED came closer than ever to the LG OLED, but the LG still won. We also pitted a TCL 8K QLED TV against the 2022 LG OLED C2 . Again, the OLED TV won. 

We expect OLED TVs to continue to outperform QLED TVs in our tests. Here's why.

Let's start with a quick breakdown.

The main takeaway is that QLED is closer to regular old LCD than it is to OLED , which I (and most other experts) consider a distinctly different class of television, much like plasma before it .

Quantum dots are microscopic molecules that, when hit by light, emit their own differently colored light. In QLED TVs, the dots are contained in a film, and the light that hits them is provided by an LED backlight. That light then travels through a few other layers inside the TV, including a liquid crystal (LCD) layer, to create the picture. The light from the LED source is transmitted through the layers to the screen's surface, which is why we say it's "transmissive."

A look at the "sandwich" of layers in an LCD TV, where an LED backlight shines through a quantum dot layer (among others) and on to the LCD panel itself.

Samsung has been using quantum dots to augment its LCD TVs since 2015 and debuted the QLED TV branding in 2017 . Samsung says those quantum dots have evolved over time -- that color and light output have improved, for example. In my experience, however, improvements caused by better quantum dots are much less evident than those caused by other image quality factors (see below).

Other TV makers also use quantum dots in LCD TVs, including Vizio and Hisense, but don't call those sets QLED TVs.

LCD is the dominant technology in flat-panel TVs and has been for a long time. It's cheaper than OLED, especially in larger sizes, and numerous panel-makers can manufacture it.

OLED TVs don't need LED backlights so, in addition to image quality benefits, they can get amazingly thin.

OLED is different because it doesn't use an LED backlight to produce light. Instead, light is produced by millions of individual OLED subpixels. The pixels themselves -- tiny dots that compose the image -- emit light, which is why it's called an "emissive" display technology. That difference leads to all kinds of picture quality effects, some of which favor LCD (and QLED), but most of which favor OLED.

Aside from the US brands mentioned above, Panasonic, Philips, Grundig and others sell OLED TVs in Europe. All OLED TVs worldwide, including those in the US, use panels manufactured by LG Display .

That's about to change, however. Samsung and Sony will soon debut the first OLED TVs made by Samsung Display . They promise improved color and brightness compared to current OLED TVs because they use quantum dots -- just like QLED TVs. Called QD-OLED or QD Display, they're sure to be quite expensive at first, even more than standard OLED TVs, but prices will come down eventually. 

Read more: QD-OLED TV: Samsung, Sony Take on LG With Quantum Dot Special Sauce

Based on my reviews, here are some general comparisons I've made between the two.

Samsung and TCL each have multiple QLED series and the most expensive ones perform a lot better than the cheaper ones. That's mainly because the biggest improvements in the picture quality of QLED sets don't have much to do with quantum dots. Instead they're the result of mini-LED backlights , better full-array local dimming , bright highlights and better viewing angles, which help them outperform QLED (and non-QLED) TVs that lack those extras.

Meanwhile, every OLED TV I've reviewed has very similar image quality -- all have earned a 10/10 in picture quality in my tests. There's some variation among different OLED TVs, for example the LG A2 with its 60Hz panel compared to 120Hz on other OLED TVs, but they're not nearly as significant as the differences between various QLED TV series. 

One of the most important image quality factors is black level, and their emissive nature means OLED TVs can turn unused pixels off completely, for literally infinite contrast . QLED/LCD TVs, even the best ones with the most effective full-array local dimming, let some light through, leading to more washed-out, grayer black levels and blooming around bright sections.

The brightest QLED and LCD TVs can get brighter than any OLED model, which is a particular advantage in bright rooms and with HDR content . In my tests, however, OLED TVs can still get plenty bright for most rooms, and their superior contrast still allows them to deliver a better overall HDR image than any QLED/LCD TV I've tested.

With LCD-based displays, different areas of the screen can appear brighter than others all the time, and backlight structure can also be seen in some content. Even the best LCDs also fade, lose contrast and become discolored when seen from seats other than the sweet spot directly in front of the screen. OLED TVs have almost perfectly uniform screens and maintain fidelity from all but the most extreme angles.

Most QLED and OLED have the same resolution and 4K , and both can achieve 8K resolution too. Neither technology has major inherent advantages in color or video processing, although QD-OLED could deliver improved color. Check out OLED vs. LCD for more details.

New for 2022 LG will sell the largest OLED TV yet, the 97-inch G2.

There are six sizes of OLED TV on the market today and two more sizes, 42-inch and 97-inch, are new for 2022 .

Meanwhile, as QLED TVs are LCDs they are able to be made in a greater range of sizes. Non-QLED LCD TVs can get even smaller.

One big advantage, so to speak, that QLED and LCD have over OLED is the cost of mainstream sizes over 65 inches. Large televisions are the fastest-growing segment of the market and show no signs of slowing down. 77-inch OLED TVs cost $2,500 and up, significantly more than most 75-inch QLED TVs , and in larger sizes the difference is even more drastic.

Burn-in happens when a persistent part of the image -- navigation buttons on a phone or a channel logo, news ticker or a scoreboard on a TV, for example -- remains as a ghostly background no matter what else appears on screen. All OLED screens can burn-in, and from everything I know, they're more susceptible than LCD displays, including QLED.

All things considered, however, burn-in shouldn't be a problem for most people. From all of the evidence we've seen, burn-in is typically caused by leaving a single, static image element, like a channel logo, which appears on the screen for a long time, repeatedly. That's an issue if you keep Fox News, ESPN or MSNBC on for multiple hours every day and don't watch enough other programming, for example. But as long as you vary what's displayed, chances are you'll never experience burn-in.

Check out our guide on OLED screen burn-in  for more.

Electroluminescent quantum dot prototypes, which could pave the way for direct-view quantum dot TVs.

As I mentioned above, when I pitted the best 2021 OLED against the best 2021 QLED, OLED still won -- just like it has in previous years.

What about the future? Beyond its forthcoming QD-OLED TV , Samsung is researching direct-view quantum dot , which dispenses with the liquid crystal layers and uses quantum dots themselves as the light source. Emissive QLED TVs have the potential to match the absolute black levels and "infinite" contrast ratio of OLED, with better power efficiency, better color and more. That's pretty exciting, but it'll be a few years before we see emissive QLED TVs available for sale. Hopefully, by then they'll think up a new acronym (EQLEDs?).

And then there's MicroLED . It's another emissive technology, once again spearheaded by Samsung but also sold by LG, that's on sale now for the super rich  -- the largest examples cost more than $1 million . As you might guess from the name, it uses millions of teeny-tiny LEDs as pixels. MicroLED has the potential for the same perfect black levels as OLED, with no danger of burn-in. It can deliver higher brightness than any current display technology, wide-gamut color and doesn't suffer the viewing angle and uniformity issues of LCD. It's also friggin' huge . It doesn't involve quantum dots, at least not yet, but who knows what might happen when it comes to market. QDMLED, anyone?

Transparent Led Display Window For now, however, OLED rules the picture quality roost over QLED.